6、HttpClient

HttpClient

HttpClient是客户端的http通信实现库,这个类库的作用是接收和发送http报文,使用这个类库,它相比传统的 HttpURLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性,我们对于http的操作会变得简单一些。

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

HttpClient 支持了在 HTTP / 1.1 规范中定义的所有 HTTP 方法:GETHEADPOSTPUTDELETETRACEOPTIONS。对于每个方法类型,都有一个特定的类来支持:HttpGetHttpHeadHttpPostHttpPutHttpDeleteHttpTrace,和 HttpOptions

官网地址:https://hc.apache.org/

maven仓库:https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

HttpClient使用步骤

HttpEntity

Entity 是HttpClient中的一个特别的概念,所有的Entity都实现了HttpEntity 接口,输入是一个Entity,输出也是一个Entity 。这和HttpURLConnection的流有些不同,但是基本理念是相通的。HttpClient提供给我们一个工具类 EntityUtils,可以很方便的操作Entity。

Demo

Get

String urlTest = "https://www.ygang.top";
// 1、创建httpclient
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 2、创建HttpGet
HttpGet httpGetTest1 = new HttpGet(urlTest);
// 3、请求执行,获取响应
CloseableHttpResponse response =  httpclient.execute(httpGetTest1);
System.out.println(response);
// 4、获取响应实体
HttpEntity entityTest = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entityTest,"utf-8"));
// 5、关闭资源
response.close();
httpclient.close();

URIBuilder

HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.google.com/search?h1=1234&h2=5678");

// 使用URLBuilder来简化URI的创建
URI uri = null;
try {
    uri = new URIBuilder()
            .setScheme("http")
            .setHost("www.google.com")
            .setPath("/search")
            .setParameter("h1", "1234")
            .setParameter("h2", "5678")
            .build();
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(uri);

Post

String url = "https://www.ygang.top";
String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"tom\"}";
// 1、创建HttpClient
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 2、创建HttpPost
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 3、设置请求头
httpPost.setHeader("x-appid","test");
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type","application/json");
// 4、设置请求体
StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(jsonString);
httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity);
// 5、执行请求
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 6、解析响应数据
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(requestEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(result);
// 7、关闭资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();